Thanks to the readers of the article and especially to those who sent comments on the issues covered in the article. I will focus only on three of them.

• Mircha 10/18/2022 at 12:37 p.m

I am happy to be able to provide you with the information that meets your needs. By decision of the INS president, the work was published on the INS website at: https://insse.ro/cms/files/publicatii/Populatia-Romaniei/populatia-romaniei-1860-2020-serii-istorice-de-data.pdf. You will find a lot of interesting things about the history of the country’s population.

•S 10/20/2022 at 10:38; Fri 10/20/2022 at 11:05 a.m.; On 10/20/2022 at 11:15

Your observations about permanent population and permanent population are correct, and I think they are also in line with the other commenters who have dealt with migration issues. As for the recovery of the birth rate, we do not know how the energy crisis, prices, inflation, consequences and possible consequences of the war in Ukraine will affect. Regarding the consequences of the pandemic, the literature is trending

rather, he sees a postponement of childbearing and a return to the decision to have a child after the pandemic. But this was before the mentioned crises.

• synthetic artificial10/17/2022 at 4:25 p.m

Very relevant observations. If I am not mistaken, the amendments made to the Criminal Code in 1948 did not change the provisions of the Criminal Code (Charles II) 1936 in the section on abortion. They determined the situations in which abortions were permitted and the situations in which abortions were punished. We cannot know how widespread abortion was after 1948 to make a notable contribution to the decline in birth rates that occurred only in 1955-1956 before the decline was precipitated in 1957 by the introduction of highly permissive legislation. As can be seen in Figure 1, the number of births did not decrease significantly after 1948 until 1957.

Yes, a correct observation, the young generations of the war years, 1940-1944, reached their peak birth rate (ages 20-25) in the 1960s. The important position held by these generations at the age of 20-25 until 1967, years an important drop in the number of births can be noted in Figure 2. Some of them occupied important positions even after 1966. It can be said that the incredible doubling of the number of births in 1967 and 1968 would have been even higher if the size of the generation of 1940-1945 had not been affected by the war. As for the parallel, tandem decline in fertility and mortality, there may be defects in the quality of the data, but for TTD this evolution is typical and defines TD phases.

But what was the number of generations affected by the war? In 1947, the Central Institute of Statistics published data on the number of births in 1939-1946. They are presented in Figure 3. However, the data refer to an area that varies in area and population (indicated in the figure) and cannot provide a comparison with the post-war territory of the country. I have also included data from a simple retroactive exercise on the graph, which should be treated with great caution and caveats. For 1939 and 1946, we also have in the INS data the generation size at birth (number of births) and the number of survivors in those generations as of February 21, 1956. This date is not too far from the beginning of 1956, and we can assume that the early year data, where there is a perfect match, the entire generation has the same age in complete years. In other words, for two generations we could determine the death rate from birth to age on January 1, 1956. This death rate is expressed as the proportion of deaths to the number of births in the generation. The death rate of the 1939 generation – almost 29 percent – can be used as a guide in retrospectively mapping the mortality of the 1940-1945 generations and a rough estimate of the number of births in 1940-1945. The data are also presented in Figure 3. What the method used cannot account for is how large the variation in mortality was during those years is unknown. The curve in the figure is intended to illustrate the differences compared to data published by the ICS in 1947. Comment on contributors.ro