According to a report by the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI), the quality of jobs in the EU is the lowest in Greece, followed by Poland, Bulgaria and Romania.

Countries with job quality below the EU average are Central, Eastern and Southern European countries, showing a strong regional divide in Europe. Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands, on the other hand, have the best results in terms of job quality.

The size and direction of the gender gap in the general quality of work index differs significantly from country to country. Only in eight EU countries do women have lower scores than men. The most pronounced advantage for women is in Greece, Estonia, Slovakia and Cyprus. while the gap in favor of men is most pronounced in Italy, Finland, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

Income predictability

In Bulgaria, earnings predictability is the worst in the EU, followed by Romania and Greece. The average indicators, below or close to the EU average, are, as a rule, the countries of Central, Eastern and Southern Europe.

For example, in terms of income quality, which depends on predictability (the ability to predict your income for the next three months) and income adequacy (at the household level), Greece ranks third, behind only Bulgaria and Romania.

When conducting the survey, the form of employment, time and working conditions were also taken into account. The percentage of forced temporary employment, forced part-time employment and job security was analyzed.

Working hours and work-life balance

Working hours and work-life balance not only measure the extent to which work goes beyond “standard” hours (ie daytime and weekday), but also provide a subjective assessment of work life. Greece ranks first for very low quality of time work, followed by Poland and Romania.

Working hours and work-life balance are related to the proportion of workers who work more than 48 hours per week, the average proportion of workers who work irregular hours (shifts, weekends, nights and evening hours), and the degree to which ” working hours correspond.” social obligations”.

Working conditions were also analyzed, which depend on the intensity of work, autonomy in the work environment and natural risk factors, while opportunities for professional development and participation in training programs also play an important role.

In general, the quality of working hours is lower in Southern European countries, where work tends to last until late in the evening, and in most Central and Eastern European countries, which are known for lax enforcement of working hours, including hourly pay.

The countries with the best quality of working time are Sweden, Denmark and Germany.Q