Age, sex, body mass index and smoking are factors that affect the effectiveness of vaccines against it. COVID-19as a University of California study published in the journal “Scientific reports“.
In a June 2021 study, researchers tracked companies’ responses to vaccines. Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson in blood samples of 498 healthy volunteers aged 18-88 years. They measured the levels of neutralizing antibodies produced by a vaccine that prevents infection with Covid-19.
One month after vaccination, those who received the Pfizer vaccine had an antibody response 21 times higher than those who received Johnson & Johnson, and those who received Moderna had a response 51 times higher than those who received Johnson & Johnson. To ensure accuracy, volunteers were screened for prior Covid-19 infection prior to receiving the vaccine, and any prior infection was taken into account when calculating antibody levels.
Surprisingly, six months after vaccination, those vaccinated with Johnson & Johnson had antibody levels that surpassed those vaccinated with Pfizer and reached levels similar to those vaccinated with Moderna, because antibody levels for other Pfizer vaccines and Moderna were down.
In addition, the researchers found that other factors also affect the effectiveness of vaccines. Among the elderly, antibody levels were 17% lower in those who received the Pfizer vaccine and 11% lower in those who received the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, but remained the same in those who were vaccinated with Moderna. In people with a higher body mass index, antibodies were 11% lower in those vaccinated with Johnson & Johnson, but not in those vaccinated with Pfizer or Moderna.
In men, antibodies were 30% lower than in women, regardless of vaccine brand, and in smokers, antibodies were 240% lower than in non-smokers, again regardless of vaccine brand.
The researchers note that the results of the study may also apply to new vaccines that include variants of Omicron, and the next round of research will focus on the efficacy of these new vaccines.
Source: Kathimerini
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