We know that around 1900 summers were cooler and winters were harsher, but how much has the climate warmed in different parts of the country? What was the climate like in the 1930s? How fast has warming been observed since 1990? How have winter and summer changed in cities across the country?

Brief information:

• In many areas, the period 1901-1930 was the coldest in the last 120 years, but the next 30 years were not far behind. Annual averages began to rise after 1991, accelerated after 1999, and have been at record levels for the past eight years.

• The summer we observed in recent years was 2.5-3 degrees warmer than the summer 60-90 years ago. For example, in Bucharest Filareta, the average July temperature was +21.9 C (between 1961 -1990) and +24.9 C (for the last nine years). In Brasov, the average July temperature was +17.5 C between 1961 and 1990, now it often exceeds 19.5 C (maximum +20.9 C in July 2021).

• Winters are also much warmer, with averages of 2.5-3C compared to the 50s-60s, and averages for the most recent period, i.e. 2015 and 2023, are high, with 2023 bringing the warmest January on record. For example, in Sibiu, the average January temperature was -4 C between 1931 and 1990 and -1.6 C over the past nine years.

• Across the country, summers were warmer between 1931 and 1960 than in the first thirty years of the 20th century, but winters were also colder after 1931. The period 1961-1990 was particularly notable for July and August being cool, sometimes cool. on average by 5-6 C compared to the July months to which we have become accustomed in recent years.

• After 2012, something changed: July was the warmest month of the year at altitudes below 1,700 m, but in the last decade, August was several times warmer than the month of “Cuptor” both in the plains, on the plateau, and in the lowlands. mountain heights

• The first half of the 20th century saw the coldest years of the last 120 years, such as 1940, 1942, 1932, 1929, 1924, 1908. There were also unusually warm years: 1946, 1950, 1952, 1927, 1938. and 1907

• In Bystrica, the average temperature in recent years was 2.5 C higher than in the coldest decades of the last century. And in Constanta, the difference was +2.5 C, and in Bucharest, 2.4 C. In Baia Mare, the difference was +2.3 C.

• Although two degrees doesn’t seem like much, it’s a huge amount because we’re talking about an annual average. Two average annual degrees mean the difference between a year with hot summers and a year with long winters and cool summers.

• The years 1916, 1923, 1936, 1950 and 1952 had unusually high average annual temperatures.

• The 60s brought us very cold winters, the following decade saw cool summers, and the 80s were marked by cold and scarcity and heat waves. In the 1990s, the climate began to warm, and 1994 was an extremely hot year for Romania.

• After 2000, climate warming began to be felt, periods of drought and heat began. The temperature rose everywhere. The warmest years of the decade were 2007 (11.6 C) and 2009.

• The five warmest years from 1900 to 2022 were: 2019 (average temperature 12.1 C), 2020, 2022, 2015 and 2007.

• The lowest average annual temperature recorded in recent decades in the country was -3.4 C in Vf Omu in 1987. The highest average values ​​of +14 C were recently recorded in places such as Drobeta-Turnu-Severin, Constanta and Kalked.

Average January temperature

Bucharest Filaret: -2.7 C between 1931 and 1960 and -0.6 C between 2015 and 2023

Brasov: -4.9 C between 1961 and 1990 and -2.4 C between 2015 and 2023

Bystrica: -5.1 C between 1961 and 1990 and -1.5 C between 2015 and 2023

Constanta: +0.1 C between 1901 and 1930 and +2.5 C between 2015 and 2023

Timisoara: -2.0 C between 1931 and 1960 and +0.6 C between 2015 and 2023

Iasi: -4.2 C between 1931 and 1960 and -0.8 C between 2015 and 2023

Sibiu: -4 C between 1931 and 1990 and -1.6 C between 2015 and 2023

Baia Mare: -2.7 C between 1931 and 1990 and -0.4 C between 2015 and 2023

Tirgu Mures: -4.5 C between 1931 and 1960 and -1.6 C between 2015 and 2023

Tirgu Jiu: -3.1 C between 1901 and 1930 and +0.1 C between 2015 and 2023

Drobeta Turnu Severin: -1.6 C between 1931 and 1960 and +1.5 C between 2015 and 2023

Sulina: -0.9 C between 1961 and 1990 and +1.9 C between 2015 and 2023

Kalarashi: -2.1 C between 1931 and 1960 and +1.2 C between 2015 and 2023

Ocna Şugatag: -3.8 C between 1931 and 1960 and -1.6 C between 2015 and 2023

• Every tenth is important and felt – What does the increase of the average annual temperature by 3-4 degrees Celsius mean for Romanian cities

Average July temperature

Bucharest Filaret: +21.9 C between 1961 -1990 and +24.9 C between 2015 and 2023

Brasov: +17.5 C between 1961 and 1990 and +19.7 C between 2015 and 2023

Bystrica: +18.3 C between 1961 and 1990 and +20.7 C between 2015-2023

Constanta: +21.9 C between 1901 and 1930 and +24.2 C between 2015 and 2022

Timisoara: +21.1 C between 1961 and 1990 and +23.2 C between 2015 and 2023

Iasi: +20.5 C between 1961 and 1990 and +22.8 C between 2015 and 2023

Sibiu: +18.7 C between 1961-1990 and +20.7 C between 2015 and 2023

Baia Mare: +19.3 C between 1901 and 1930 and +21.7 C between 2015 and 2023

Tirgu Mures: +18.9 C between 1901 and 1930 and +21.1 C between 2015 and 2023

Tirgu Jiu: +21.0 between 1961 and 1990 and +23.2 C between 2015 and 2023

Drobeta Turnu Severin: +22.7 C between 1961 and 1990 and +25.1 C between 2015 and 2023

Sulina: +22.0 C between 1961 and 1990 and +23.8 C between 2015 and 2023

Kalarashi: +22.5 C between 1961 and 1990 and +24.7 C between 2015 and 2023

Ocna Şugatag: +17.5 C between 1961 and 1990 and +19.3 C between 2015 and 2023

• Will we stay with four seasons or will we “lose” one along the way? What will summer be like in the future and what time will be the least warm

Average annual value at several weather stations at different time intervals for the last 130 years

Baia Mare

1901-2000: +9.5C

1901-1930: +9.1 C

1931-1960: +9.6 C

1961-1990: +9.5 C

1991-2000: +9.8C

2015-2022: +11.4 C

BYSTRITSA

1901-2000: +8.1C

1901-1930: +8.1C

1931-1960: +7.8C

1961-1990: +8.4C

1991-2000: +8.4C

2015-2022: +10.3C

Brasov

1901-2000: +7.6C

1901-1930: +7.5 C

1931-1960: +7.7 C

1961-1990: +7.5 C

1991-2000: +7.8C

1961-2000: +7.6C

2015-2022: +9.4 C

Filaret of Bucharest

1901-2000: +11.1C

1896-1955: +10.9C

1901-1930: +10.8C

1931-1960: +11.1C

1961-1990: +11.2C

1991-2000: +11.4C

1961-2000: +11.2C

2015-2022: +13.2C

IASI

1901-1930: +9.4C

1931-1960: +9.4C

1961-1990: +9.4C

1991-2000: +9.9C

1961-2000: +9.5 C

2015-2022> +11.4 C

Kalarash

1901-2000: +11.3C

1901-1930: +11.3C

1931-1960: +11.3C

1961-1990: +11.2C

1991-2000: +11.6C

2015-2022: +13.2C

Constant

1901-2000: +11.4C

1896-1955: +11.2C

1901-1930: +11.2C

1931-1960: +11.1C

1961-1990: +11.6C

1991-2000: +12.0C

1961-2000: +11.7C

2015-2022: +13.6 C

Shugatag windows

1901-2000: +7.9C

1901-1930: +7.9 C

1931-1960: +7.9C

1961-1990: +7.8C

1991-2000: +8.0C

2015-2022: +9.5 C

Romanian

1901-2000: +8.5C

1896-1955: +8.3C

1901-1930: +8.2C

1931-1960: +8.6C

1961-1990: +8.6C

1991-2000: +9.0 C

2015-2022: +10.5C

Sibiu:

1901-2000: +8.7C

1896-1955: +8.9C

1901-1930: +8.8C

1931-1960: +8.9C

1961-1990: +8.5 C

1991-2000: +8.7C

2015-2022: +10.4C

Sulina

1901-2000: +11.2C

1896-1955: +11.1C

1901-1930: +11.1C

1931-1960: +11.0 C

1961-1990: +11.2C

1991-2000: +11.6C

1961-2000: +11.4C

2015-2022: +13.0 C

Jiu market

1901-2000: +10.2C

1901-1930: +10.3C

1931-1960: +10.3C

1961-1990: +10.1C

1991-2000: +10.4C

2015-2022: +12.1C

Mures Market

1901-2000: +8.7C

1901-1930: +8.6C

1931-1960: +8.7C

1961-1990: +8.8 C

1991-2000: +9.0 C

1961-2000: +8.9C

2015-2022: +10.5C

Timisoara

1901-2000: +10.8C

1901-1930: +10.8C

1931-1960: +10.7C

1961-1990: +10.6C

1991-2000: +11.1C

1961-2000: +10.8C

2015-2022: +12.3C

Drobeta Turnu-Severin

1901-2000: +11.6C

1901-1930: +11.5 C

1931-1960: +11.6C

1961-1990: +11.6C

1991-2000: +12.0C

1961-2000: +11.7C

2015-2022: +13.6 C

man

1986-1955: -2.6C

1961-2000: -2.5C

2015-2022: – 1.0 C

Virgo

1961-2000: +9.6C

2015-2022: +11.3C

Niamt stone

1896-1955: +8.4C

1961-2000: +8.7C

2015-2022: +10.5C

Especially

1961-2000: +4.9C

2015-2022: +6.6 C

Mierkurya Chuk

1961-2000: +5.5C

2915-2022: +7.2C

Sources::

National Meteorological Administration – Climate of Romania, Romanian Academy Publishing House, Bucharest, 2008

TuTiempo and Infoclimat.fr platforms

Statistical Yearbook of Romania, Geography, Meteorology and Environment Section.