Research – analysis: prof. Giannis Maniatis
With the assistance of PhD students: I. Voulgari, A. Manolis, G. Tarnari

Most of the greenhouse gas emissions (31.8%) are related to electricity and heating. Land use change (14.9%) is due to deforestation, with 55% of deforestation occurring in cattle (36.7%), palm oil (8.5%) and soybean (6.7%), with a total loss of 100 million hectares. forests every year. The third source of emissions is transport (14.3%), followed by construction with 12.7%.

Carbon will stay for several years

Seventeen of the 20 countries most dependent on coal for electricity have agreed to phase it out or set a zero-emission target. South Africa, with a 90 percent dependency, is one of the biggest polluters. They are followed by: India (75%), China (62%), Japan (30%), USA (20%). Most of the 4500 coal-fired power plants (in China, India, Southeast Asia) are 10-15 years old, that is, at least 30 more years of operation.

Share of industries in the “green” future

Renewable energy sources and energy saving will reduce emissions by 50% by 2050 (from 25% each). Electrification will be 20%, and CO2 capture and storage from fossil fuels and bioenergy will be 20%. Hydrogen will participate by 10%.

Renewable energy production on the rise

According to the International Energy Agency – IEA, in 2030, renewable energy sources will either approach (43% vs. 47%) or surpass (49% vs. 41%) electricity generation from fossil fuels. Nuclear supports 10%.

High profit from LNG export

The crisis has undermined the profits of all LNG producing countries. Russia, despite a clear preference for pipeline gas, additionally ranks fourth in the world in terms of LNG exports (39.6 billion m3/year) after Qatar (108.3 billion m3/year), Australia (108.1 billion m3/year) and USA (95 billion m3/year). year).

Triple infrastructure by 2026

Greece has been an important LNG gateway since 2014 and will triple its infrastructure by 2026. There are 4 LNG terminals in Central and Eastern Europe (Croatia, Greece, Poland, Lithuania) with a capacity of 20 billion cubic meters.